Dental decay, commonly known as dental cavities, can lead to dental infection, pain, and even tooth loss if not properly managed. Learn the primary factors that contribute to dental decay and offer tips on how to prevent it.

What is Dental Decay?

Dental decay occurs when the hard surface of your teeth, known as enamel, is damaged by acids produced by bacteria in your mouth. This process starts with the demineralization of the enamel and can progress to deeper layers of the tooth, causing cavities. When untreated, dental decay can lead to significant oral health problems, including toothache, infection, and tooth loss.

Causes of Dental Decay

Plaque Formation: Dental plaque is a sticky bacterial layer that regularly forms on teeth. When sugary or starchy foods are consumed, the harmful bacteria in dental plaque produce acids that attack the tooth's enamel. These acid attacks can lead to the demineralization of the enamel, thinning enamel and the formation of cavities. Brushing your teeth and flossing your teeth helps to remove dental plaque and prevent decay.

Frequent Snacking and Sugary Drinks: Frequent consumption of sugary snacks and drinks provides a constant supply of fuel for the bacteria in your mouth. When you consume something sugary, the bacteria produces harmful acids which attack teeth for at least 20 minutes. Frequent snacking or sipping sugary beverages throughout the day increases the duration of these acid attacks, leading to a higher risk of decay.

Poor Oral Hygiene

Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up on your teeth. When dental plaque is not removed in its softened form, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. Tartar buildup can lead to further plaque accumulation and increase the risk of decay.

Dry Mouth

Saliva plays a key part in neutralizing harmful acids produced by bad bacteria, washing away left-over food particles, and aiding in the remineralization of tooth enamel. A dry mouth, or xerostomia, reduces the amount of salivary flow in your mouth, increasing the risk of decay. A chronic dry mouth may be caused by some medications, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors such as smoking.

Dietary Choices

Diets high in carbohydrates and sugar can contribute to dental decay. Sugary drinks and foods, such as candy, soda, and baked goods, are particularly harmful because they provide a constant supply of sugars for bacteria to produce acids.

Tooth Position and Structure

Teeth with deep pits and grooves on the biting surface are more susceptible to decay because plaque and food particles can easily get trapped in these areas, making them harder to clean. Crowded or misaligned teeth can also create areas where plaque can accumulate, increasing the risk of decay.

Age

Children and older adults are more susceptible to dental decay. In children, the enamel of baby teeth is thinner and less resistant to decay. Older adults may experience receding gums, which expose the roots of their teeth to decay. Older adults may be more likely to have a chronic dry mouth due to medications or health conditions.

By understanding the causes of dental decay and taking preventive steps to maintain good oral hygiene, you'll reduce your risk of cavities and ensure a healthy, beautiful smile. Remember, regular dental visits, a balanced diet, and proper oral care are key to preventing dental decay and promoting overall oral health. Contact us to schedule your visit or consultation today.